Media Disinformation regarding America’s Afghan War

by Prof. Marc Herold

Examining
a microcosm can shed light on the larger reality. I have chosen to
analyze a small mountain hamlet, Chagoti Ghar (Chergotah), located some
forty kilometers east of Khost city in eastern Afghanistan in a time
frame separated by eight and a third years – November 23rd 2001 and
March 24th 2010. Both times, two Afghan civilians perished as a result
of foreign occupation fire. In both instances, the U.S corporate media
was silent. Both times, to pierce the veil of silence spun by the
American military industrial media information complex (MIMIC) a person
had to turn to independent, regional media; in November 2001 to the
Peshawar-based Afghan Islamic Press news agency and in March 2010, to
the Kabul-based Pajhwok Afghan News.[1] Those killed in 2001 perished
during morning prayers and those obliterated in 2010 succumbed after
sundown. A women and girl were martyred in November 2001 and a teenaged
couple was killed in March 2010. A Bush air strike killed two in 2001
and an Obama ground attack did the same in 2010.

The aerial attack on November
23, 2001, was part of the U.S. bombing offensive targeting fleeing
Taliban and Al Qaeda fighters who sought refuge in the mountains of
eastern Afghanistan.  The campaign also involved so-called decapitation
strikes (the targeting of alleged enemy leaders). A prime target was
veteran mujahedeen leader Jalaluddin Haqqani (he remains one still
today). Haqqani was renowned as the architect of one of the most
stunning military reverses suffered by the Najibullah government - the
fall of Khost in 1991. He was named justice minister in the first
mujahideen government formed in Kabul in 1992. In 1995, Haqqani defected
and allied himself with the emerging Taliban and helped the Taliban
secure control of Nangarhar Province in 1996. The defection was a key
factor in securing territorial advantage for the emerging Taliban.2 At
the time, Bin Laden was living there as a guest [and friend] of Haqqani.
Haqqani possessed a valuable trove of apparently at least 70 U.S.
Stinger missiles. Haqqani led the Taliban's brutal military campaign
north of Kabul during the winter of 1996/7, sweeping through the towns
of Estalif and Qarabagh, carrying out what his opponents described as
ethnic cleansing of the Tajik minority there. In 1998, he switched
posts, being appointed to the important position of Minister of Tribal
and Border Affairs in the Taliban government. Haqqani is known to have
had close ties with Pakistan's intelligence agency, the I.S.I., dating
back to the 1980s. His relationship with Bin Laden led to the building
of many training camps during the 1980’s in the eastern provinces of
Nangarhar and Paktia (especially south of Khost). In late September
2001, Omar appointed Haqqani as commander-in-chief of the Taliban armed
forces. He also served as governor of Paktia province.

In
mid-October 2001, Jalaluddin commented to local reporters,

"We will retreat to the
mountains and begin a long guerrilla war to reclaim our pure land from
infidels and free our country like we did against the Soviets….We are
eagerly awaiting the American troops to land on our soil, where we will
deal with them in our own way….The Americans are creatures of comfort.
They will not be able to sustain the harsh conditions that await them."

Three weeks later the U.S. began
its bombing effort targeted specifically at killing Jalaluddin Haqqani.
The bombing on November 23rd was part of this assassination campaign.
During Morning Prayers, U.S war planes attacked the home in the
mountainous village, Chagoti, of the tribal leader and former Taliban
supporter, Haji Mohammad Naeem Kochi, but Kochi was absent. Another bomb
obliterated a nearby home killing a woman and an 8-year old girl. 
 

Source:
modified version of a map available at:
http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/middle_east_and_asia/txu-oclc-308991615-afghan_pakistan_2008.jpg

But no mention was made in U.S.
official press releases or in the U.S. media. A search of Lexis-Nexus
for the month of November 2001 reveals not a single mention of Chagoti
by the western press. Silence was deceit, part of a well-orchestrated
official U.S. campaign to carefully manage reporting of America’s Afghan
war.[2] The only references to the American bombing of Chagoti Ghar
were to be found in the Afghan Islamic Press, Pakistan’s Jang newspaper
and in Russia’s Pravda.[3] Accurate news was published in Moscow and
Peshawar not in New York City. I immediately entered this incident into
my web-based data base.[4]

My own efforts to report as
accurately as possible upon the civilian casualty toll of the U.S.
Afghan bombing campaign given the existing data limitations, was greeted
with charges of being anti-American, unpatriotic, replete with
double-counting, and opprobrium was caste upon using a source like the
Afghan Islamic Press, etc.[5] Even the left-of-center in the United
States went to pains to discredit my tally of Afghan civilians killed by
the U.S.[6] The propagandistic cant was well-critiqued by Philip
Hammond,

A number of reporters declared
the killing of Afghan civilians to be inherently un-newsworthy, and CNN
instructed its journalists to ‘balance’ reports of casualties with
justifications for war. The study of casualty figures produced by US
academic Marc Herold was often dismissed or attacked, and the much lower
estimate of civilian deaths offered by a Project for Defence
Alternatives report was presented as more credible. In fact, however,
the latter is based on an eccentric method whose only rationale can be a
desire to produce as low a figure as possible. The report, drawing on a
variety of sources but favouring Western ones as the most reliable,
used the following formula in cases where no precise numbers were
available: ‘“some or a few” deaths was interpreted as 1, “a dozen or
more” was interpreted as 3–4, “dozens” was interpreted as 8–10, “scores”
was interpreted as 10–15, “hundreds” was interpreted as 40–60’ (quoted
p. 50).[7]

And the left-of-center in the
United States persists now in such practice by mindlessly quoting
figures on Afghan civilian casualties put forth by the UNAMA.[8]

Two months later, in January
2002, the hamlet of Chagoti Ghar was again bombed by U.S war planes.[9]
On January 1, 2003, the 62-year-old Haji Naeem Kochi, a tribal elder of
the nomadic Kuchi tribe, who had been an object of a U.S manhunt since
2001, was finally seized by U.S occupation forces while on his way to
meet Karzai to discuss a tribal dispute.[10] He was captured and whisked
off to the American gulag in Guantanamo where he languished for close
to two years. He was released in September 2004 when the Americans
conceded he was “insignificant.”

In August 2009, the Karzai
regime and its U.S. ally began construction of an Afghan border police
post near the Tere Zayi district border crossing. The ostensible
rationale was to prevent infiltration into Khost Province of enemy
fighters from Pakistan. The local Kuchi tribes’ people vehemently
opposed the base construction.[11] On a rugged mountaintop bordering
Pakistan, less than two miles from Northern Waziristan, now sits Combat
Outpost Chergotah in the easternmost part of Khost province.[12] Two
U.S. occupation soldiers based in the new border post were killed while
on patrol by RPG/small arms fire on March 9th.

In the evening of March 24th
2010, resistance fighters attacked the Afghan/U.S post, spurring a fire
fight. At 11 PM, a mortar shell fired by “NATO forces” (really by the
4th Combat Brigade of the US Army’s 25th Infantry Division) hit a home
in Chagoti (Chergotah), killing a teenaged couple and injuring a man,
his wife and two of their children as reported by the independent,
Pajhwok Afghan News.

U.S. Army mortar men from
the Indiana National Guard provide 120 mm mortar-fire support to
soldiers from the 25th Infantry Division’s 4th Brigade Combat Team at
Combat Outpost Chergotah in the Terezayi district of Afghanistan’s Khost
province, Dec. 4, 2009. U.S. Air Force photo by Staff Sgt. Stephen J.
Otero (Source: http://www.freerepublic.com/focus/f-news/2414107/posts)

NATO issued a statement at 3:44
AM EST noting that a firefight had taken place in the night of March
24/25th near an ISAF base and that in the engagement six civilians
received shrapnel wounds, two of whom later died.[13] Some ten minutes
later, the Chinese news agency Xinhua General News Service published a
report based upon an interview with a local tribal leader, Ramazan
Kuchi, who said at 11 PM local time a NATO artillery shell hit a house
killing two children and wounding four other persons (including two
children, a lady and a man).[14] Shortly thereafter, Agence France
Presse and the Deutsche Presse-Agentur picked up the story merely
reproducing the original NATO release.[15] The independent Afghan
Islamic Press (AIP) then provided a report noting the Taliban had
attacked the NATO border post on the outskirts of the Alisher district
and a missile fired by the NATO forces in retaliation struck a home
causing six civilian casualties.[16] The AIP interviewed a resident of
Babrak Tana who said the NATO projectile hit a house killing two people
and wounding four others. Only the AIP, Xinhua and Pajhwok carried
interviews with local residents. The left-of-center U.S media in the
United States merely parroted the official NATO report even
misrepresenting the incident as a “NATO attack” when in truth it was
carried out by the 25th Infantry of the U.S. Army.[17]

For its part, the occupation
forces’ ISAF Joint Command issued an “operational update” mentioning
that on the night of March 24/25th its forces had searched a compound
outside Zerah Ghar, Tere Zayi district of Khost Province and captured
“two Taliban sub-commanders” as well as “several other insurgents,” lots
of ammunition and money.[18] The official communiqué concluded with the
usual, “no shots were fired, and no Afghan civilians were harmed during
these operations.” But a day later, when the two civilian deaths in
Chergotah could no longer be concealed, NATO published the usual promise
of an investigation and the “our thoughts and prayers go out to the
victims of this terrible accident and their families.”[19]

In the U.S. mainstream media,
complete silence reigned once again. Chagoti Ghar (Chergotah) simply
does not exist. The deaths of an Afghan woman, an 8-yr old Afghan girl
and a teenaged couple are unworthy of mention in America. Another
immaculate deception, or conception in which a teenaged couple was first
transformed into two Taliban sub-commanders. That is, until a
courageous, independent investigator challenges the official U.S/NATO
lies.[20]

 
Notes

[1] “American aircraft bomb areas in eastern Afghanistan,”
Afghan Islamic Press news agency (1149 GMT, November 23, 2001) and
Saboor Mangal, “Civilians die in Khost Clash,” Pajhwok Afghan News
(17:38, March 25, 2010)

[2] I have analyzed
this issue on my “Truth about Afghan Civilian Casualties Comes Only
Through American Lenses for the U.S. Corporate Media [our modern-day
Didymus]," in Peter Phillips and Project Censored [eds], Censored 2003:
the Year's Top 25 Stories [New York: Seven Seas  Publishing, 2002], pp.
265-294 and in many other writings such as "Et Plus Ca Change…U.S.
Reporters Transcribe the Colonel's Wisdom," Cursor.org (March 10, 2003)
at http://cursor.org/stories/morethingschange.htm and in The Balochistan Post (Quetta, Pakistan)
(February 24, 2003) .  

[3] ”Safiullah Gul, “US
Spy Planes, Copters Hover Pakistan Tribal Belt – Bacha Khan Settles
Scores with Zakim Khan as US Jets Bomb Khost,” Pravda.Ru (January 25,
2001) at http://english.pravda.ru/main/2002/01/25/26010.html  

[4] See  “A Dossier on
Civilian Victims of United States' Aerial Bombing of Afghanistan,
October 7, 2001 - May 31, 2003” (PDF Format - 620KB),” page  119 at http://pubpages.unh.edu/~mwherold

[5] Examples of such
frequently ad hominem, vitriolic, and unsubstantiated attacks include
such fine exemplars as Dr. Frank, “Marc Herold. Master Analyst,” Dr.
Frank’s What’s-It (December 21, 2001) at http://www.doktorfrank.com/archives/2001/12/marc_herold_master_analyst.html  Lucinda Fleeson, “The Civilian Casualty
Conundrum,” American Journalism Review (April 2002) at http://www.ajr.org/Article.asp?id=2491, “The Case Against Marc Herold,” The Angry
Cyclist (October 28, 2002) at http://angrycyclist.blogspot.com/2002_09_29_angrycyclist_archive.html, as well as various writings by Matt Welch,
Ian Murray, Jeffrey Isaacs, and Joshua Muravchik.  

[6] detailed in Edward
S. Herman, “The Cruise Missile Left, pt.2,” The Anti-ANSWER Crusade and Z
Magazine,
http://musictravel.free.fr/political/political37.htm

[7] Philip Hammond, “Do
Mention the War: 9/11 and After,” Media Culture & Society 25
(2003): 559

[8] For a critique, see
my “One Month of the Obama Killing Machine in Afghanistan: Data and a
Lesson for the UNAMA and its Groupies.  Sadly, ‘groupies’ like the
western media, peace groups and even the World Socialist Web Site (wsws)
uncritically go about citing spurious UNAMA figures, for example
endlessly mentioning that Afghan civilian deaths caused by “coalition
forces” have declined,” RAWA News (March 10, 2010),
http://www.rawa.org/temp/runews/2010/03/10/one-month-of-the-obama-killing-machine-in-afghanistan-data-and-a-lesson-for-the-unama-and-its-groupies.html

[9] “Aviacao dos EUA bombardeia
suposta base de rede Al Qaeda,” UOL Ultimas Nocticias (17:00 January 24,
2002)

[10] Andy Worthington,
“Expelled UN Official Criticizes Afghan Policy re: Taliban and Defends
ex-Guantanamo Detainee,” Andyworthington.com (February 16, 2008),
http://www.andyworthington.co.uk/2008/02/16/expelled-un-official-criticizes-afghan-policy-re-taliban-and-defends-ex-guantanamo-detainee/ 

[11] Saboor Mangal,
“Kochis War of Boycotting Elections,” Pajhwok Afghan News (August 13,
2009)

[12] Described in
“Soldiers Work with Afghan Border Poli9ce,” American Forces Press
Service (December 23, 2009),
http://www.freerepublic.com/focus/f-news/2414107/posts

[13] ”Civilians killed
in Khost,” Targeted News Service (3:44 AM EST, March 25, 2010)

[14] ”2 Children Killed
as Gun Shell Hit a House in E.  Afghanistan,” Xinhua General News
Service (3:55 AM EST, March 25, 2010)

[15] “NATO Soldier, Two
Civilians Killed in Afghan Unrest,” Agence France-Presse (1:49 PM GMT,
March 25, 2010) and “Afghan Civilians Killed in NATO-Taliban Crossfire,”
Deutsche Presse-Agentur (12:45 PM EST, March 25, 2010)

[16] “NATO Missile
Kills Two Civilians in Afghan East,” Afghan Islamic Press (March 25,
2010)

[17] Jason Dietz,
”Afghan Civilians Killed in NATO Clash,” Antiwar.com (7:16 PM, March 25,
2010),
http://news.antiwar.com/2010/03/25/afghan-civilians-killed-in-nato-clash/ 

[18] “IJC operational
Update, March 25,” ISAF Joint Command (03:37, March 25, 2010)

[19] “Civilians killed
in Khost,” US State News (9:07 PM EST, March 26, 2010)

[20] as in the case of
The London Times’ reporter Jerome Starkey’s fabulous reporting of an
incident which completely destroyed another US/NATO immaculate
deception, see his “U.S.-led Forces in Afghanistan are Committing
Atrocities, Lying, and Getting Away with it,” Nieman Watchdog (Nieman
Foundation for Journalism at Harvard University) (March 22, 2010),
http://www.niemanwatchdog.org/index.cfm?backgroundid=00440&fuseaction=background.view

Marc Herold is a
frequent contributor to Global Research.  Global
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